1. Ethical Hacking Certification
2. Ethical Hacking Using A Mac
3. Learn Ethical Hacking From Scratch
4. Ethical Hacking Online Course
5. Ethical Hacking Pdf
6. How To Learn Ethical Hacking
7. Ethical Hacking Courses

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Ethical Hacking - MAC Spoofing - ethical hacking tutorials - Sending the same MAC Address like the actual user and spoof the network is called as MAC spoofing. The destination will think that, the request is genuine but the request is from the attacker. He used the same MAC address as the original user. Ethical Hacking is fun and interesting, but there are a lot of things an Ethical hacker should be aware of. Such as, covering his tracks. And, one of the ways to do this is using a MacChanger.

1) Explain what is Ethical Hacking?

Ethical Hacking is when a person is allowed to hacks the system with the permission of the product owner to find weakness in a system and later fix them.

2) What is the difference between IP address and Mac address?

IP address: To every device IP address is assigned, so that device can be located on the network. In other words IP address is like your postal address, where anyone who knows your postal address can send you a letter.

MAC (Machine Access Control) address: A MAC address is a unique serial number assigned to every network interface on every device. Mac address is like your physical mail box, only your postal carrier (network router) can identify it and you can change it by getting a new mailbox (network card) at any time and slapping your name (IP address) on it.

3) List out some of the common tools used by Ethical hackers?

• Meta Sploit
• Wire Shark
• NMAP
• John The Ripper
• Maltego

4) What are the types of ethical hackers?

The types of ethical hackers are

• Grey Box hackers or Cyberwarrior
• Black Box penetration Testers
• White Box penetration Testers
• Certified Ethical hacker

5) What is footprinting in ethical hacking? What is the techniques used for footprinting?

Footprinting refers accumulating and uncovering as much as information about the target network before gaining access into any network. The approach adopted by hackers before hacking

• Open Source Footprinting : It will look for the contact information of administrators that will be used in guessing the password in Social engineering
• Network Enumeration : The hacker tries to identify the domain names and the network blocks of the target network
• Scanning : Once the network is known, the second step is to spy the active IP addresses on the network. For identifying active IP addresses (ICMP) Internet Control Message Protocol is an active IP addresses
• Stack Fingerprinting : Once the hosts and port have been mapped by scanning the network, the final footprinting step can be performed. This is called Stack fingerprinting.

6) Explain what is Brute Force Hack?

Brute force hack is a technique for hacking password and get access to system and network resources, it takes much time, it needs a hacker to learn about JavaScripts. For this purpose, one can use tool name “Hydra”.

7) Explain what is DOS (Denial of service) attack? What are the common forms of DOS attack?

Denial of Service, is a malicious attack on network that is done by flooding the network with useless traffic. Although, DOS does not cause any theft of information or security breach, it can cost the website owner a great deal of money and time.

• Buffer Overflow Attacks
• SYN Attack
• Teardrop Attack
• Smurf Attack
• Viruses

8) Explain what is SQL injection?

SQL is one of the technique used to steal data from organizations, it is a fault created in the application code. SQL injection happens when you inject the content into a SQL query string and the result mode content into a SQL query string, and the result modifies the syntax of your query in ways you did not intend.

9) What are the types of computer based social engineering attacks? Explain what is Phishing?

Computer based social engineering attacks are

• Phishing
• Baiting
• On-line scams

Phishing technique involves sending false e-mails, chats or website to impersonate real system with aim of stealing information from original website.

10) Explain what is Network Sniffing?

A network sniffer monitors data flowing over computer network links. By allowing you to capture and view the packet level data on your network, sniffer tool can help you to locate network problems. Sniffers can be used for both stealing information off a network and also for legitimate network management.

11) Explain what is ARP Spoofing or ARP poisoning?

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a form of attack in which an attacker changes MAC ( Media Access Control) address and attacks an internet LAN by changing the target computer’s ARP cache with a forged ARP request and reply packets.

12) How you can avoid or prevent ARP poisoning?

ARP poisoning can be prevented by following methods

• Packet Filtering : Packet filters are capable for filtering out and blocking packets with conflicting source address information
• Avoid trust relationship : Organization should develop protocol that rely on trust relationship as little as possible
• Use ARP spoofing detection software : There are programs that inspects and certifies data before it is transmitted and blocks data that is spoofed
• Use cryptographic network protocols : By using secure communications protocols like TLS, SSH, HTTP secure prevents ARP spoofing attack by encrypting data prior to transmission and authenticating data when it is received

13) What is Mac Flooding?

Mac Flooding is a technique where the security of given network switch is compromised. In Mac flooding the hacker or attacker floods the switch with large number of frames, then what a switch can handle. This make switch behaving as a hub and transmits all packets at all the ports. Taking the advantage of this the attacker will try to send his packet inside the network to steal the sensitive information.

14) Explain what is DHCP Rogue Server?

A Rogue DHCP server is DHCP server on a network which is not under the control of administration of network staff. Rogue DHCP Server can be a router or modem. It will offer users IP addresses , default gateway, WINS servers as soon as user’s logged in. Rogue server can sniff into all the traffic sent by client to all other networks.

15) Explain what is Cross-site scripting and what are the types of Cross site scripting?

Cross site scripting is done by using the known vulnerabilities like web based applications, their servers or plug-ins users rely upon. Exploiting one of these by inserting malicious coding into a link which appears to be a trustworthy source. When users click on this link the malicious code will run as a part of the client’s web request and execute on the user’s computer, allowing attacker to steal information.

There are three types of Cross-site scripting

• Non-persistent
• Persistent
• Server side versus DOM based vulnerabilities

16) Explain what is Burp Suite, what are the tools it consist of?

Burp suite is an integrated platform used for attacking web applications. It consists of all the Burp tools required for attacking an application. Burp Suite tool has same approach for attacking web applications like framework for handling HTTP request, upstream proxies, alerting, logging and so on.

The tools that Burp Suite has

• Proxy
• Spider
• Scanner
• Intruder
• Repeater
• Decoder
• Comparer
• Sequencer

17) Explain what is Pharming and Defacement?

• Pharming: In this technique the attacker compromises the DNS ( Domain Name System) servers or on the user computer so that traffic is directed to a malicious site
• Defacement: In this technique the attacker replaces the organization website with a different page. It contains the hackers name, images and may even include messages and background music

18) Explain how you can stop your website getting hacked?

By adapting following method you can stop your website from getting hacked

• Sanitizing and Validating users parameters: By Sanitizing and Validating user parameters before submitting them to the database can reduce the chances of being attacked by SQL injection
• Using Firewall: Firewall can be used to drop traffic from suspicious IP address if attack is a simple DOS
• Encrypting the Cookies: Cookie or Session poisoning can be prevented by encrypting the content of the cookies, associating cookies with the client IP address and timing out the cookies after some time
• Validating and Verifying user input : This approach is ready to prevent form tempering by verifying and validating the user input before processing it
• Validating and Sanitizing headers : This techniques is useful against cross site scripting or XSS, this technique includes validating and sanitizing headers, parameters passed via the URL, form parameters and hidden values to reduce XSS attacks

19) Explain what is Keylogger Trojan?

Keylogger Trojan is malicious software that can monitor your keystroke, logging them to a file and sending them off to remote attackers. When the desired behaviour is observed, it will record the keystroke and captures your login username and password.

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20) Explain what is Enumeration?

The process of extracting machine name, user names, network resources, shares and services from a system. Under Intranet environment enumeration techniques are conducted.

21) Explain what is NTP?

To synchronize clocks of networked computers, NTP (Network Time Protocol) is used. For its primary means of communication UDP port 123 is used. Over the public internet NTP can maintain time to within 10 milliseconds

22) Explain what is MIB?

MIB ( Management Information Base ) is a virtual database. It contains all the formal description about the network objects that can be managed using SNMP. The MIB database is hierarchical and in MIB each managed objects is addressed through object identifiers (OID).

23) Mention what are the types of password cracking techniques?

The types of password cracking technique includes

• AttackBrute Forcing
• AttacksHybrid
• AttackSyllable
• AttackRule

24) Explain what are the types of hacking stages?

The types of hacking stages are

• Gaining AccessEscalating
• PrivilegesExecuting
• ApplicationsHiding
• FilesCovering Tracks

25) Explain what is CSRF (Cross Site Request Forgery)? How you can prevent this?

CSRF or Cross site request forgery is an attack from a malicious website that will send a request to a web application that a user is already authenticated against from a different website. To prevent CSRF you can append unpredictable challenge token to each request and associate them with user’s session. It will ensure the developer that the request received is from a valid source.

In past decades, ethical hacking and penetration testing were performed by only a few security experts. Now almost anyone can report security incidents. Ethical hacking tools allow you to scan, search and find the flaws and vulnerabilities within any company to help make their systems and applications more secure (as seen in the recent Top CVE’s exploited in the wild post published a few weeks ago).

Today we’ll explore the best ethical hacking tools used by modern security researchers.

15 Ethical Hacking Tools You Can’t Miss

We’ve compiled some of the most popular penetration testing tools to help you through the first steps of a security investigation. You’ll find some of the classic tools that seem to have been around forever and some new tools that might not be familiar.

1. John the Ripper

John the Ripper is one of the most popular password crackers of all time. It’s also one of the best security tools available to test password strength in your operating system, or for auditing one remotely.

This password cracker is able to auto-detect the type of encryption used in almost any password, and will change its password test algorithm accordingly, making it one of the most intelligent password cracking tools ever.

This ethical hacking tool uses brute force technology to decipher passwords and algorithms such as:

• DES, MD5, Blowfish
• Kerberos AFS
• Hash LM (Lan Manager), the system used in Windows NT / 2000 / XP / 2003
• MD4, LDAP, MySQL (using third-party modules)

Another bonus is that JTR is open source, multi-platform and fully available for Mac, Linux, Windows and Android.

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2. Metasploit

Metasploit is an open source cyber-security project that allows infosec professionals to use different penetration testing tools to discover remote software vulnerabilities. It also functions as an exploit module development platform.

One of the most famous results of this project is the Metasploit Framework, written in Ruby, which enables you to develop, test and execute exploits easily. The framework includes a set of security tools that can be used to:

• Evade detection systems
• Run security vulnerability scans
• Execute remote attacks
• Enumerate networks and hosts

Metasploit offers three different versions of their software:

• Pro: ideal for penetration testing and IT security teams.
• Community: used by small companies and infosec students.
• Framework: the best for app developers and security researchers.

Supported platforms include:

• Mac OS X
• Linux
• Windows

3. Nmap

Nmap (Network Mapper) is a free open source security tool used by infosec professionals to manage and audit network and OS security for both local and remote hosts.

Despite being one of the oldest security tools in existence (launched in 1997), it continues to be actively updated and receives new improvements every year.

It’s also regarded as one of the most effective network mappers around, known for being fast and for consistently delivering thorough results with any security investigation.

What can you do with Nmap?

• Audit device security
• Detect open ports on remote hosts
• Network mapping and enumeration
• Find vulnerabilities inside any network
• Launch massive DNS queries against domains and subdomains

Supported platforms include:

• Mac OS X
• Linux, OpenBSD and Solaris
• Microsoft Windows

4. Wireshark

Wiresharkis a free open-source software that allows you to analyze network traffic in real time. Thanks to its sniffing technology, Wireshark is widely known for its ability to detect security problems in any network, as well as for its effectiveness in solving general networking problems.

While sniffing the network, you’re able to intercept and read results in human-readable format, which makes it easier to identify potential problems (such as low latency), threats and vulnerabilities.

Main features:

• Saves analysis for offline inspection
• Packet browser
• Powerful GUI
• Rich VoIP analysis
• Inspects and decompresses gzip files
• Reads other capture files formats including: Sniffer Pro, tcpdump (libpcap), Microsoft network monitor, Cisco Secure IDS iplog, etc.
• Supported ports and network devices: Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP/HDLC, ATM, Bluetooth, USB, Token Ring, Frame Relay, FDDI.
• Protocol decryption includes but not limited to IPsec, ISAKMP, Kerberos, SNMPv3, SSL/TLS, WEP, and WPA/WPA2
• Exports results to XML, PostScript, CSV, or plain text

Wireshark supports up to 2000 different network protocols, and is available on all major operating systems including:

• Linux
• Windows
• Mac OS X
• FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD

5. OpenVAS

OpenVAS (also known as the old classic “Nessus”) is an open-source network scanner used to detect remote vulnerabilities in any hosts. One of the best-known network vulnerability scanners, it’s very popular among system administrators and DevOps and infosec professionals.

Main features

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• Powerful web-based interface
• +50,000 network vulnerability tests
• Simultaneous multiple host scanning
• Able to stop, pause and resume scan tasks
• False positive management
• Scheduled scans
• Graphics and statistics generation
• Exports results to plain text, XML, HTML or LateX
• Powerful CLI available
• Fully integrated with Nagios monitoring software

While its web-based interface allows it to be run from any operating system, a CLI is also available and works well for Linux, Unix and Windows operating systems.

The free version can be downloaded from the OpenVAS website, but there is also a commercial enterprise license available from the Greenbone Security (parent company) website.

6. IronWASP

If you’re going to perform ethical hacking, IronWASP is another great tool. It’s free, open source and multi-platform, perfect for those who need to audit their web servers and public applications.

One of the most appealing things about IronWASP is that you don’t need to be an expert to manage its main features. It’s all GUI-based, and full scans can be performed in only a few clicks. So, if you’re just getting started with ethical hacking tools, this is a great way to start.

Some of its main features include:

• Powerful GUI-based interface
• Web scan sequence recording
• Exports results into HTML and RTF file format
• 25+ different web vulnerabilities
• False positive and negative management
• Full Python and Ruby support for its scripting engine
• Can be extended by using modules written in C#, Ruby, and Python
• Supported platforms: Windows, Linux with Wine, and MacOS using CrossOver

7. Nikto

Nikto is another favorite, well-known as part of the Kali Linux Distribution. Other popular Linux distributions such as Fedora already come with Nikto available in their software repositories as well.

This security tool is used to scan web servers and perform different types of tests against the specified remote host. Its clean and simple command line interface makes it really easy to launch any vulnerability testing against your target, as you can see in the following screenshot:

Nikto’s main features include:

• Detects default installation files on any OS
• Detects outdated software applications.
• Runs XSS vulnerability tests
• Launches dictionary-based brute force attacks
• Exports results into plain text, CSV or HTML files
• Intrusion detection system evasion with LibWhisker
• Integration with Metasploit Framework

8. SQLMap

sqlmap is a cool cyber-security tool written in Python that helps security researchers to launch SQL code injection tests against remote hosts. With SQLMap you can detect and test different types of SQL-based vulnerabilities to harden your apps and servers, or to report vulnerabilities to different companies.

Its SQL injection techniques include:

• UNION query-based
• time-based blind
• boolean-based blind
• error-based
• stacked queries
• out-of-band

Main features:

• Multiple database server support: Oracle, PostgreSQL, MySQL and MSSQL, MS Access, DB2 or Informix.
• Automatic code injection capabilities
• Password hash recognition
• Dictionary-based password cracking
• User enumeration
• Get password hashes
• View user privileges and databases
• Database user privilege escalation
• Dump table information
• Executes remote SQL SELECTS

Check out the next video to see the true power of SQLMap using the sqlmap out-of-band injection working with Metasploit integration against Microsoft SQL Server:

9. SQLNinja

SQLNinja is another SQL vulnerability scanner bundled with Kali Linux distribution. This tool is dedicated to target and exploit web apps that use MS SQL Server as the backend database server. Written in Perl, SQLNinja is available in multiple Unix distros where the Perl interpreter is installed, including:

• Linux
• Mac OS X & iOS
• FreeBSD

SQLninja can be run in different types of modes such as:

• Test mode
• Verbose mode
• Fingerprint remote database mode
• Brute force attack with a word list
• Direct shell & reverse shell
• Scanner for outbound ports
• Reverse ICMP Shell
• DNS tunnelled shell

10. Wapiti

Wapiti is a free open-source command-line based vulnerability scanner written in Python. While it’s not the most popular tool in this field, it does a good job of finding security flaws in many web applications.

Using Wapiti can help you to discover security holes including:

• XSS attacks
• SQL injections
• XPath injections
• XXE injections
• CRLF injections
• Server side request forgery

Other features include:

• Runs in verbose mode
• Ability to pause and resume scans.
• Highlights vulnerabilities found inside the terminal
• Generates reports and export into HTML, XML, JSON and TXT
• Activates and deactivates multiple attack modules
• Removes parameters from certain URLs
• Excludes URLs during an attack
• Bypasses SSL certificate verification
• URL extractor from javascript
• Timeout configuration for large scans
• Sets custom user-agent and HTTP headers

11. Maltego

Maltego is the perfect tool for intel gathering and data reconnaissance while you’re performing the first analysis of your target.

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In this case, it can be used to correlate and determine relationships between people, names, phone numbers, email addresses, companies, organizations and social network profiles.

Along with online resources like Whois data, DNS records, social networks, search engines, geolocation services and online API services it can also be used to investigate the correlation between internet-based infrastructures including:

• Domain names
• DNS servers
• Netblocks
• IP addresses
• Files
• Web Pages

Main features include:

• GUI-based interface
• Analyzes up to 10.000 entities per graph
• Extended correlation capabilities
• Data sharing in real time
• Correlated data graphics generator
• Exports graphs to GraphML
• Generates entity lists
• Can copy and paste information

This application is available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS, and the only software requirement is to have Java 1.8 or greater installed.

12. AirCrack-ng

AirCrack-ng is a respected Wifi security suite for home and corporate security investigations. It includes full support for 802.11 WEP and WPA-PSK networks and works by capturing network packets. It then analyzes and uses them to crack Wifi access.

For old-school security professionals, AirCrack-ng includes a fancy terminal-based interface along with a few more interesting features.

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• Extensive documentation (wiki, manpages)
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• Support for Linux, Mac and Windows Wifi detection
• Launches PTW, WEP and Fragmentation attacks
• Supports WPA Migration Mode
• Fast cracking speed
• Multiple Wifi card support
• Integration with 3rd party tools

As a bonus, it comes bundled with a lot of Wifi auditing tools including:

• airbase-ng
• aircrack-ng
• airdecap-ng
• airdecloak-ng
• airdriver-ng
• aireplay-ng
• airmon-ng
• airodump-ng
• airolib-ng
• airserv-ng
• airtun-ng
• easside-ng
• packetforge-ng
• tkiptun-ng
• wesside-ng
• airdecloak-ng

13. Reaver

Reaver is a great open-source alternative to Aircrack-ng that allows you to audit the security of any Wifi with WPA/WPA2 pass keys. It uses brute force Wifi attack techniques like Pixie dust attacks to crack Wifi-protected setups through common Wifi flaws and vulnerabilities.

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Depending on how well-configured the router-level Wifi security is, it can take between 3 to 10 hours to get an effective brute-force cracking result.

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Until recently, the original Reaver version was hosted at Google Cloud. After the release version of version 1.6,a forked community edition was launched in Github.

Build-time dependencies

• build-essential
• libpcap-dev

Runtime-time dependencies

• pixiewps (required for pixiedust attack)

It runs well on most Linux distributions.

14. Ettercap

Ettercap is a network interceptor and packet sniffer for LAN networks. It supports active and passive scans as well as various protocols, including encrypted ones such as SSH and HTTPS.

Other capabilities include network and host analysis (like OS fingerprint), as well as network manipulation over established connections -- which makes this tool great for testing man-in-the-middle attacks.

Main features

• Active and passive protocol analysis
• Filters based on IP source and destination, Mac and ARP addresses
• Data injection into established connections
• SSH and HTTPS encryption-based protocols
• Sniffs remote traffic over GRE tunnel
• Extensible with plugins
• Protocol supports include Telnet, FTP, Imap, Smb, MySQL, LDAP, NFS, SNMP, HTTP, etc.
• Determines OS name and version
• Able to kill established LAN connections
• DNS Hijacking

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15. Canvas

Canvas is a great alternative to Metasploit, offering more than 800 exploits for testing remote networks. How to tell if mac has been hacked.

Main features

• Remote network exploitation
• Targets different kind of systems
• Targets selected geographic regions
• Takes screenshots of remote systems
• Downloads passwords
• Modifies files inside the system
• Escalates privileges to gain administrator access

This tool also lets you use its platform to write new exploits or use its famous shellcode generator. It also integrates an alternative to nmap called scanrand, which is especially useful for port scanning and host discovery over mid to large networks.

Supported platforms include:

• Linux
• MacOSX (requires PyGTK)
• Windows (requires Python and PyGTK)

Summary

Software companies reap the most benefits from the rise of automated ethical hacking tools and penetration testing utilities, giving them more ways to increase system security every day.

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Automated tools are changing the way hacking is evolving, making ethical penetration testing easier, faster and more reliable than ever. Penetration testing and reporting activities now play a crucial role in the process of identifying security flaws in remote or local software — enabling company owners to quickly prevent vulnerabilities from running wild all over the Internet.

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Like many of these valuable tools, we’ve developed SecurityTrails from scratch, combining different domain automation lists and tons of forensic data so you can audit your domain names, DNS and online applications.

Are you ready to unveil the true power of our security toolkit? Grab a free API account today or contact us for consultation.

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